The evolution of Porsche did not start with the first sports car in 1948 edition. It all started much earlier, in the early 20 th century when Professor Ferdinand Porsche presented his first drawings and diagrams. 1898: The young engineer Ferdinand Porsche (Ferry Porsche's father) went to work for the royal manufactory cartwright Jacob Lohner Co., Where he developed a stage engine, which has attracted enormous attention on the world exhibition in Paris. The vehicle on which engine was installed, was named Lohner-Porsche Electric Car. Drive car was designed by Ferdinand Porsche, a young engineer and test driver. This car has made the name Porsche popular throughout the world. 1930-40's In 1931, Ferdinand Porsche opens its engineering office in Stuttgart. Thus, he founded Dr.Ing.hcFPorsche AG. Orders were not long to wait - in the first year of existence of his team of 12 people developed a mid-size sedan Wanderer Type 7 in-line eight cylinder engine. Following came the bridge with swinging half-and 5-cylinder radial "air vent" on the orders of, respectively, Horch and Phanomen. A draft prepared for Zundapp compact car with rear engine, the cap frame and gearbox to the rear axle was the first step on the way to the legendary "Zhuk". The next milestone - the torsion bar suspension. In spring 1933 the Porsche firm has received an order from the Auto Union racing to draft 16 cylinder "formula". Born from Auto Union P made its first departure in January 1934 and in the same season, scored three victories in the competition, driven by Bernd Rozemayerom, Hans Stuck and Tazio Nuvolari. The car dominated the Grand Prix circuits until 1939, and first offered them mid-engine layout is still the hallmark of supercars, including the F-1 racing cars. Work on the sports cars in the company Porsche was conducted in parallel with searches of the concept of small, affordable "people's" car. This was the prototype of the Type 32, built for NSU, - he was already a 4 cylinder horizontal "air" boxer and torsion bar suspension. Case prepared by Dr. Ferdinand Porsche decided to document "Study of a German People's Car", which he personally presented to the Ministry of Transport in January 1934. As a result, the draft Type 60 was adopted, and the author himself was later appointed one of three executive directors of the newly formed company, which organize the production of Volkswagen. War brought the Porsche Engineering Office (in 1937 it changed its name to Porsche AG) new orders: made for the Wehrmacht truck Type 81 «Kastenwagen», lightweight ATVs «Kubelwagen» Type 62 and Type 82, Type 87 four-wheel drive headquarters «Komandeurswagen», Amphibian Type 166 «Schwimmwagen» - they were all built on the model of Volkswagen. In 1939 he was received an order for Medium Tank Tank 101 «Tiger», and in 1942 m - the heavy Tank 205 «Maus», the need for which thanks to the success of the Red Army soon disappeared. After the defeat of Germany Porsche AG has moved to Austria Gmund and the time had to deal with turbines, elevators, winches and even tractors (though his first tractor Porsche did before the war commissioned by the Association of German workers). In 1948, under the direction of Ferry Porsche had already, in Gmund created a sports car based on Volkswagen. It was a roadster of light metal alloy. During the war Ferdinand Porsche Jr. and a group of his loyal and trusted employees have begun work on developing a model 356. The first design drawings were prepared to 17 July 1947. And on June 8, 1948, was born the first car with a proud name Porsche. 1950 In 1951 the roads there were 356 e cabrio. A year later the production of 356-x, appear: Porsche Porsche 1300 and 1500, which complement the range, and later they become the best selling. 1954: Production pervyh200 Porsche Speedster. This car has become a real bestseller. By 1955, cars 356 A series was started with engines of 1600 (60 hp), 1600 S (75 hp) and 1500 GS - first Porsche Carrera, who represented the new sports engine with 100 hp 1958: Power Porsche 356 A 1500 GS Carrera GT is increased to 110 hp, and was replaced by Speedster Convertible D with a great view through the windshield and the windshield on both sides. 1300 engines removed from production. In 1959, Carrera was the extra power and now called 1600 GS-GT, a sports version (115 hp), de Luxe model (105 hp). Autumn was presented a series of 356 B, a Convertible D renamed the Roadster. 1960 Began production of Porsche Super 90 with special balancing spring on the rear axle. In 1961 company Karmann, which specializes in manufacturing car bodies, creates a coupe with a hardtop for a Porsche. The roof was permanently affixed, and the silhouette of the car behind got lopped form. In 1962 began production of the Porsche 356 B. Disc brakes are standard on all models, and their presence at all four wheels - the most significant innovation. A new and better model - Carrera 2 (1966 cc, 130 hp). 1963 - access to the world's first 911, which was presented at the Frankfurt Motor Show. The audience appreciated the innovation of Porsche, noting that 911 - 356 child model, from which he picked up the basic shape of the bodywork and the aggressive nature of its appearance. The first version of a new six-cylinder engine gave the same power as the Carrera 2 (130 hp). The new model 912 low-power 4-cylinder engine (1582 cc, 90 hp) is quickly becoming the most popular. Porsche Targa with restrictive arc added to the lineup in the autumn of 1966. In the late 1960's wheelbase 911 models is increased by 57 mm. For full compliance with U.S. standards, the 6-cylinder engine, first installed a mechanical fuel injection from Bosch. 1970 Now the power does play a major role: released in September, 6-cylinder 911 again increased the engine capacity to 2341 cc and represented a new range of capacities: 911 T (130 hp), 911 E (165 l . sec.), 911 S (190 hp). Birth of a legend - the first Porsche Turbo with the code name 930 was released at the Paris Motor Show 1974. Increased spoiler and a powerful engine (260 hp) added vehicle aggressiveness. Pride of models that year was, of course, their appearance. On this machine were installed bumper body color with a spring-loaded part of that permitted to retain a relatively small impact on speed. In 1977, a version with a front engine - Porsche 928. Its V8 engine boasted a U.S. size (4.5 liter, 240 hp). In developing the body designers had three objectives: to obtain high aerodynamic performance, maintaining the characteristic features of the machine "Porsche" and the provision of car ageless appearance. To solve these problems have been used Headlights (in idle position, they were under the surface of the body), the so-called integrated bumper, very convex side bodywork. In 1978, the Porsche 928 is the first sports car, which got the title of Car of the Year. 1980 On the way to create more powerful Porsche 924 Turbo with a 177 hp engine At the Frankfurt Motor Show 1981 Porsche four-wheel drive concept is Turbo Cabriolet. Porsche extends range of models, representing 944, which is a development of 924 model. With the same 4-cylinder engine, but in light alloy. Designers have created a wonderful car in all respects, and affirmed that the sales results. After nearly 20 years, Porsche returned to the real processing needs to revive the well-known models such as the 911 SC Cabriolet, which immediately becomes a bestseller. Power 928 S increased to 310 hp Three years later, after the 944 model - at the Frankfurt auto show was a prototype of the next masterpiece - Porsche 959. Collected all possible and impossible, he embodied the most modern sports car from Porsche. The project is, surprisingly, turned out to be tenacious. In 1987, the company announced production of two hundred such cars. The engine in the volume was 3,200 cc, but two turbochargers have a capacity equal to 449 hp It was a super car that has dominated the race Paris-Dakar 1984-1986, respectively. The decisive thing the new government (Arno Bohn) was a redesign of the family 911 (body-964). Retaining the already adopted them for the silhouette, the designers created a completely new chassis: without the torsion bars, with power steering, antilock brakes and an "intelligent" all-wheel drive for the Carrera 4. All 911-e were fitted with an automatic rear spoiler that pops up at a certain speed, added that the vehicle originality. First child, as embodied in all of these solutions has become all-wheel drive Carrera 4 (1988), and a year later and the Carrera 2. The engine had six cylinders with dual ignition and a power of 250 hp With the old series is 911 Speedster, with windshield, which consists of two parts. In 1988 he was presented to Porsche 944 S2 in coupe and convertible versions. Starting in 1989, 911 comes in rear-wheel drive versions Carrera 2 Targa and Cabriolet. Automatic transmission with torque conversion, 4 assists, but with access to the gear selector lever with. Large range replenished by spring 1989 model 928 GT with more power (330 hp). 1990 Turboversiya saw the light in the new decade. The new 911 Turbo appears in stores in September with a 3299 cc engine and increased power (320 hp). New style design, powerful engine, suspension and other large alloy wheels on the wheels turned the car into untamed beast. A year later, the family car Porsche replenished with another model - Model 968. She replaced the entire range of 944. Another gift designers Porsche became debut at the Frankfurt Motor Show in 1993 a new generation of 911 - body 993. The new Porsche was different from his predecessor's more powerful (272 hp) engine, transmission of two types - a 6-speed manual gearbox or a 4-speed automatic Tiptronic. Also, 993-th received a fundamentally new multilink rear suspension, wide more streamlined body and sloping headlamps. Again, the premiere - to consolidate its market position poslekrizovoe sports cars in the class of inexpensive cars, Porsche is at the Paris Motor Show 1996 a new type of car - a model Boxster. Being a middle-roadster, Boxster offers a new generation of power with impressive numbers (2,5 liters. And 204 hp). Engine - a brand new 6-cylinder opozitny, with 4 valves per cylinder, which was placed in front of the rear axle with water rather than air-cooled. Model had a "soft" or "hard" roof. This year was also remarkable access to the world one millionth Porsche, it has become - a police 911 Carrera. 1997year: the next prime minister - to secure the success of the model Boxster, Porsche is in Frankfurt an entirely new 911 (index 996), which is very much like Boxster, but it was a complete 911-m. A year later, the audience was presented 911 Cabriolet, the roof opened and closed hydraulically by clicking on the button. Fixed aluminum roof comes as standard. In 1990, Porsche has signed an agreement with Toyota, to learn to benefit from Japanese production methods. Currently, Toyota helps Porsche with the introduction of hybrid technology, according to rumors it may be a hybrid Cayenne SUV. Dr. Wendelin Wiedeking became chief technical administrator Porsche in 1993 godu.Videking took over the board and over his tenure, Wiedeking has transformed Porsche into a very efficient and profitable company. Grandson of Ferdinand Porsche, Ferdinand Piech, was chairman and CEO of the Volkswagen Group from 1993 to 2002. Today he is - the chairman of the supervisory board. With 12.8% percent of the voting shares Porsche, he also remains the second largest individual shareholder of Porsche AG after his cousin, Ferdinand Alexander Porsche, (13.6 percent). 2000's In 2000 he published a model of Turbo, which by law has the status of the flagship series of 911. Changes affected the exterior and powertrain, which for a volume of 3.6 liters gave out 420 horsepower. Of course, this is not the last role was played by two turbines. Body Model "poobros" many of cooling air intakes and "skirts", which gave the resistance a car on the road even at speeds of 305 km / h. Also this year there is a more powerful version of the Boxster, which was the index "S" and a new 3.2-liter engine. In Paris, was a prototype Carrera GT. Novelty engine formula-type V10 power 558 hp A year later, in Frankfurt the presentation of the second-generation Carrera 911. Body had four options: two compartments, with a full and rear-wheel drive and two convertible. The engine is again added to the volume, and now stood at 3.6 liters. As on the Turbo model, but without the turbine with capacity of 320 hp Changed the lighting and the front bumper, improved trim, and made an easy facelift bodywork. Maximum speed rose to 285 km / h and acceleration to come around in 5 seconds. Also on the basis of 911 built "gonochngo beast" - Porsche 911 GT2 (996). The engine is even more aggressive than the turbo version, speed and dynamics even more. In 2002 came two new items that have completed a series of 911 in body 996. These models are called the 911 Carrera 4S and 911 Targa. Engines, they were the same as that on other Carrera. The main differences were in appearance: Carrera 4S was 90% similar to the turbo model, but without the static rear spoiler, but with a special rear-lamp unit, which is installed only on this model; Targa coupe based on the model, and therefore received more rigid body, the roof was completely glass. Introduction to the 2002 model Sayenne for production in Leipzig, Saxony, determined, almost half of Porsche's annual output. The most powerful Sayenne Turbo S has the second most powerful engine in the history of Porsche, after the Carrera. The cost of his is EUR 450,000 ($ 440,000 in the United States), this is the most expensive production ever built by Porsche. Since 2005, the Porsche and Piech families owned all the shares with voting rights AG Porsche. In early October 2005 the company acquired 18.53% shares of Volkswagen AG. Since June 2006, the share of Porsche AG in Volkswagen increased to 25.1%, giving Porsche blocking minority, whereby the Porsche can veto large corporate decisions made by VW. In mid-2006, Porsche Boxster and Sayenne, recognized the dominant Porsche in North America and 911 regained its position as a base line of Porsche in the region. In Germany the price exceeds 911 Boxster / Cayman and Sayenne. Porsche has always had a close relationship with Volkswagen, and as noted above, the first Porsche cars used many Volkswagen components. The two companies collaborated in 1969 to make the VW-Porsche 914 and 914-6, which had engine Porsche, most 944s have also used parts VW. Porsche Sayenne, introduced in 2002, has a full chassis with VW Touareg, which is built in a factory in Bratislava. Finally, in 2008, Porsche is preparing to introduce its new 911th model. As has already happened, Porsche AG renew their road series at three to four years. As a rule, it rarely refers to their appearance. Because of this, major changes are hidden "under the hood. Differences in exterior make out except that only a true expert who is knowledgeable in the Porsche. For example, larger air intakes and new fog lights already. Sport models get an enlarged bumper. It also assumes that it will be the same as the new Turbo. Behind the new Porsche supplied LED lights and a diffuser.
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