Driving Lessons. Off-road

Everyone loves to interact with nature, but be sure to meet along the way obstacles that without a certain skill does not get over. If no experience, spend a lot of time and effort to travel hundreds or even tens of meters. It could be snow or sand drifts, ford, or a deep pool, a slippery slope, or rise, or a diffuse way with a deep track. Skill comes with time, and it will help reduce the knowledge of basic techniques, found the drivers and prompted by life itself. Ability to overcome some obstacle is limited by several factors: a pulling force, which have driven wheels, clutch them with soil, the distance from the reference plane wheels to the lowest point of the car (ground clearance), height and location of protected sites that are afraid of water (distributor, coil plugs, and exhaust pipe). A few words should be said about the effort at the drive wheels. There are concepts such as torque and gear ratio transmission. These options are laid designer. Change their optimal values ??can each driver by varying the frequency of rotation of the engine crankshaft, and including one or other transfer gearbox. When it is necessary to use the maximum value of these options? When driving on soft ground when the wheels sink deep, but not stalled. Here's to the rear and front wheels were formed ridges. The wheels of their press down partially, partly pushed ahead. Of this work is spent almost the entire energy engine. When it dries up, the frequency of engine speed and vehicle speed are reduced despite the increased pressing on the accelerator pedal. In the transmission jerks occur. Car dies down in exhaustion, unable to overcome resistance. What can be done in such a situation? First of all, maximally facilitate the car, the passengers landed or took off the load. Then you need to move off smoothly back and also smoothly, speeding, a "ram" formed an obstacle. If you get stuck in mud or snow in a car with automatic transmission, do not try to shake the stalled car. First of all, look at what is meant by the term "swinging". Anyone who has ever pulled out the jammed machine knows that if you can not do it right the first time, you should push it in sync with the natural frequency of vibration in the thumb recess. Range of motion on the increase, and at some point the wheel rolling over the obstacle. The same result can be achieved if synchronized with the swaying of the car to switch the first and reverse gear, "pushing" his engine. Since the natural period jammed machines rarely exceeds a second, to work the gears have the maximum intensity. But a manual so good that turns almost instantly. "Automatic" as a more "thoughtful", after the translation selector lever he needed a few tenths of a second. Some designs can reduce this gap by increasing the engine speed is still to complete the connection of transmission. But the inclusion of transmission is more severely, and the load on the clutches box repeatedly increases. Often get out of deep ruts hinder turned the front wheels. Sometimes it is enough to establish their right to make the car move. Sometimes, to move out of deep ruts, not enough to turn the wheel. In this case, you have a shovel to dig a gentle exit from front or rear while moving car. Approaching the rugged stretch of road, try to remember that the greater the inertia of the car, the higher the speed of the engine crankshaft and transmission below, the greater the resistance can be overcome car. Therefore, early recognition of the seriousness of the obstacles, we find a mode of motion to skip the entire plot in stride. Of course, on the road could meet such a soil, sand or snow that bogged down on the wheel hub and the car sits on the bottom. To avoid this, pre-rut to be put all that will fall under the arms: boards, branches, stones. In an extreme case, when will fall very sticky soil, and attempts to escape on their own are ineffective, it is better not to damage the car, to resort to tow, winch or jack. With hand winch can quickly pull the jammed vehicle weight of up to 1 ton of rural residents, hunters and fishermen, whose path is generally not limited to asphalt, a winch is a must. She is able to help the car, stuck on the slippery rise in the river or a deep puddle. Support for the winch (if it has no special device) can serve as a tree, stake, and even the shovel blade mounting of chauffeur tool. Great help in overcoming the difficult sections have different fittings on the drive wheels: chains, bracelets, clips of various designs. Effective and probably the easiest device to overcome the slippage is a metal mesh with mesh size of 20x20 mm, which enclose the wheels. Two bands of such a grid size 0,4 x1, 5 m easy to put in the trunk. Every driver should know that the higher the speed of the engine crankshaft and the sharper the transmission in gear, the sooner will start slipping drive wheels. To avoid this, we must learn to "feel" the engine. This is perhaps the most difficult - to find and maintain an optimum mode, which in many cases, will ensure success. How this can be learned? Only through training. Drive on compacted snow in first gear. Try slowly and then quickly increase the frequency of rotation of the crankshaft with the accelerator pedal. The car will initially accelerate and then at some point its rate begin to decline, and the engine "vzvoet" without your intervention. This would mean that one or two of the leading wheel probuksovali (slid), and since the drag force their rotation fell sharply, increased speed of the engine crankshaft. Now repeat the maneuver carefully "listening" engine. Once the crankshaft speed will randomly rise gradually remove the "gas", go to second gear foundation Acceleration. During the training, you will notice that the car responds sensitively not only to change the speed of the engine crankshaft, but also on the manipulation of the clutch pedal. Costs a little more sharply to release her, immediately followed by slipping wheels. Overcoming a rough patch, it is better not touch this pedal, so as not there was reason to stop. If in a particular situation without the clutch can not do, and off it must be smoothly and gently, focusing on engine speed. Engine speed should be constant and when driving on slippery roads. Do not forget that any change in the mode of the engine can cause unexpected and unwanted stops. Frustrating when on the way there plot muddy roads, and with a deep track, because to pull the car, settling onto the bridge or the bottom - almost an art. In fact, in other cases it is enough to push him or take the lift. Here, such action may cause damage to parts and components located under the floor. Faced with such a vague section of the road, you must first carefully examine him and, if required, to prepare for a successful overcoming. When the rut is too deep on the long path segment, try to keep it between the wheels. To pass through a solid and broad ridges easy, but the soft and narrow - it is very difficult. In order not to leave the ridge in a deep rut, it is better when the wheels of one side will be on the track, and another - on the sidelines. In such a situation much easier to keep in the right direction, since the wheel, running on track, require almost no control. Caveats, of course, useful. But what happens when the car is still sat on the ground? First of all you need to go out and look around. Depending on the causes and specific road conditions should take necessary measures. In most cases it is expedient to submit the car back. If not, we should try to raise it with the jack and remove the "extra" land. Particular attention should be paid to install the jack, as a place for it is often inappropriate - mud or sand. Under the heel of the house KRATA usually put the board, a flat stone, but in such a way that the upper part of the jack was on the car doors at a distance of 0,15-0,20 m, or at maximum lift jack hurt her. Only in one case, the jack can be replaced by a tugboat without risk of damage to the car when the front wheels fell into a ditch or pit. In this case, the end of logs or a related letter X two poles substituted under tow by tilting them toward the car. By pulling the rope the front part raise itself and the car will move forward. The last obstacle in the thorny path - water. There is probably no need to talk about that, "without knowing the ford, do not go into the water." And if you had climbed up, move slowly. Trouble may begin when water gets into the chopper, the distributor and ignition coil, spark, or even worse - fall into the exhaust pipe. If the engine is stopped by the fault of the distributor, spark plugs or coils, they can discover, to turn out and wipe or Blasting with compressed air from the pump. These operations are unpleasant to perform, standing in water, but it is still out. Stopped in the water filled the engine with the exhaust silencer to let useless. It is necessary to pull the car to the bank and remove from the water pipe, drove to the hill. Coping with serious water obstacle, remember that high speed does not guarantee safe passage and, above all, for the engine. Water can get into the intake manifold and, just until the cylinders. If it's a lot, slugging inevitable. Water, unlike air, is incompressible: the piston from all of the hits into the water, like a wall, and the cylinder pressure exceeds the norm in a few times. Bent or broken connecting rods - the result of failure to force a water hazard. It happens that the engine (if not high speed) may just stop. Try to let him start. If not, remove the candles and the crankshaft. Water is released from the cylinders through the holes and the engine can be sent. If there was a knock on the block, then damaged rods and the motor should stop immediately. If everything worked out - you are very lucky. After passing the water level of which reaches the brake drums, be sure to dry the brakes. For this, a little pull handbrake lever. At this operation, pay special attention. Consideration of the situation, of course, give no idea of ??all cases of possible places where the road is not improved. As the experience, knowledge, ingenuity and resourcefulness to help find a way out of any of the provisions. On materials online magazine 1AE.RU