The main failure of cooling systems and engine lubrication

External signs of malfunction of the cooling system is overheating or excessive cooling of the engine. Overheating is possible with a lack of coolant in the system due to its diversion or boiling, breakage or slipping fan belt and water pump, sticking thermostat or blinds in the closed position, the large scale deposits. Excessive cooling of the engine is binding, possibly with the thermostat or blinds in the open position, the absence of insulating covers in the winter. External signs of failure of lubrication system - oil pollution, reduced or increased pressure in the system. Low blood pressure in the lubrication system is observed at an insufficient level of oil, liquefied oil leaks, worn parts oil pump, bearings, crankshaft and camshafts, is binding, the pressure reducing valve in the open position. Increased pressure may be as a result of increased oil viscosity reducing valve sticking in the closed position, clogging oil lines. Sealed cooling system is checked by inspection. Hose systems must be tightly coupled. On their surface must be free of cracks, blisters and laminations. The valves radiator cap is checked by pressing on them with your finger. In the cooling system is filled only soft water, ie water with low salt content, or special fluids. Most are soft rain and snow water. The simplest way to test the hardness of the water is soaping hands. Stiffer than water, the worse the lather hands. To soften water and reduce scale formation in the cooling system can use the additive. When storing the car in the winter in unheated premises water from the system must be drained. When you open the radiator cap when the engine is hot, steam, together with the hot fluid is ejected from the throat and can cause burns to the hands and face. Therefore, the tube should be opened only after a cooling fluid and radiator. Before opening the radiator cap should be covering it with cloth. In the cooling system, which has no expansion tank, antifreeze is poured on 92-95% of the system because the thermal expansion coefficient of more antifreeze than water. Engine cooling system the car is washed in the following sequence: pour antifreeze, fill the system with water, let the engine warm-up after the water broke, again washed with the system, pour antifreeze to the upper cut-off radiator filler tube removed at the surge tank, put the radiator cap in place, pour antifreeze in the expansion tank is 3-5 inches above the label MIN. If the air passages of the radiator core heavily clogged, flush it with the core of a jet of water and blow compressed air, directing the flow of water and air from the engine. If a strong contamination and clogging of the radiator tubes removed and poured into it a 10% solution of caustic soda, heated to 90 ° C. After 30-40 minutes the solution is decanted and one or more times with the radiator water. To avoid the destruction of aluminum parts, poured caustic soda in the cooling jacket can not. If the thermostat is working properly, then when the engine warms up the upper radiator tank should be cold. Heating of the upper radiator tank should be felt when the temperature gauge water reaches 60-70 ° C. The top-up and change the engine oil. Engine oil level should be maintained between the MIN and MAX marks masloizmeritelnogo rod. Check the level smustya 5-10 minutes after stopping the warmed-up engine. Change the engine oil should be in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations - or, depending on the mileage (eg, every 10-15 thousand miles), or after a certain period of time (eg every year). Increased oil consumption is an indicator of the poor state of the engine, and in such a situation should be to diagnose faults.